Future Studies of Higher Education
M. Taheri Demneh; A. Zackery; A. Asadnia
Abstract
The movement from intra-disciplinary toward inter-disciplinary approaches by focusing on real-world problems is a growing trend in higher education. Thus, next generation universities will move toward inter-disciplinary discourses. In the meantime, systematic studies of futures or futures studies have ...
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The movement from intra-disciplinary toward inter-disciplinary approaches by focusing on real-world problems is a growing trend in higher education. Thus, next generation universities will move toward inter-disciplinary discourses. In the meantime, systematic studies of futures or futures studies have also been considered by academics in various fields. In this qualitative meta-synthesis, an attempt is made to investigate the status of future-oriented studies in various disciplines in order to map the distribution these studies. Through a rigorous selection process, 737 articles were chosen and categorized into 19 main categories and 350 secondary categories which were correspondingly classified under more detailed sub-categories. The results indicate that geographical planning, security, and corporate foresight have had the highest application of futures studies. By contrast, sports, women’s studies and futures of professions had the lowest number of articles. This paper highlights the conspicuous gaps in future-oriented interdisciplinary researches along with their strength and weaknesses.
Environment
M. Talebi; M.J. Zareian; A. Farokhniya; R. Roozbahani
Abstract
The adoption of intermediate plans for development and progress is based on policies that are in the form of specific objectives and legal mechanism and executive plans. As in many cases, the weakness in implementation can be traced to policies. Accordingly, due to the imbalance between consumption and ...
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The adoption of intermediate plans for development and progress is based on policies that are in the form of specific objectives and legal mechanism and executive plans. As in many cases, the weakness in implementation can be traced to policies. Accordingly, due to the imbalance between consumption and demand in the management of water resources, one of the reasons can be sought in the form of policy-making and planning. However, water policy-making and planning in Iran has not been a fixed one and has undergone many changes in social and political contexts. Most of the developments in water planning and policy-making are between water programs before and after the Islamic Revolution; developments in medium and short terms are also evident. To identify these developments through a qualitative approach and the inductive content analysis method, the text of development plans and documents has been studied. Since the Islamic Revolution, these developments have been more influenced by the political discourse of the government. The results also show that development programs in Iran have not been sufficiently coherent in terms of the sustainability of water resources. In fact, the change in policies related to the exploitation of water resources during this period has led to the rupture of various development programs of the country from the perspective of water management.
COVID-19 Crisis
M. Fouladiyan; F. Sadrnabavi; P. Khosronejad; M. Vaez Mousavi; M. Zarifpooya; V. Shameli; Z. Baghban Golkhatmi; M. Shamsaei
Abstract
Social phenomena are so complex that one cannot gain an understanding of all their aspects by a specific approach or a single discipline. Turning to pilgrimage action when there is the possibility of catching a dangerous disease before, during, and after the pilgrimage, the study of such phenomena requires ...
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Social phenomena are so complex that one cannot gain an understanding of all their aspects by a specific approach or a single discipline. Turning to pilgrimage action when there is the possibility of catching a dangerous disease before, during, and after the pilgrimage, the study of such phenomena requires taking a deep interdisciplinary and qualitative approach. With the prevalence of Coronavirus in Iran as a Muslim country, there are controversies over the conflict of observing hygienic rules or performing religious rites, especially regarding the presence of the Imams in the shrines. To investigate the effect of coronavirus outbreak on the rites of pilgrimage to the Imam Reza shrine via a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Accordingly, 46 pilgrims to the Imam Reza shrine were interviewed to investigate the reasons for their presence in these special circumstances and examine their pilgrimage methods to the Razavi shrine. The findings show that four categories of pilgrimage justification styles were obtained in the mental dimension, which include traditional-devotional, mitigation-denial, compulsion-imitation, and rational styles. These four styles are distinguished from each other based on the degree of attention paid to the earthly matter (i.e., the disease and its seriousness).
Interdisciplinary
H. Afrakhteh
Abstract
Iran have the longest history of development program among the under developing countries, but it is still a developing country. None of the country development programs including before and after the revolution, has reached its economic goals. Nowadays, the country has not suitable development position ...
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Iran have the longest history of development program among the under developing countries, but it is still a developing country. None of the country development programs including before and after the revolution, has reached its economic goals. Nowadays, the country has not suitable development position among the world countries, but sometime has been witnessed a retreat. The main goal of this paper is analyzing the economic achievements of 70 years’ development programs and their effective factors from the viewpoints of mental structures. Research required data have collected through interview with development planers elites and some documents. Collected data analyzed through grounded theory and inductive reasoning. Findings show that economic goals of development programs have not realized after 70 years. Because the programs are not based on strong theoretical foundations and in accordance with country natural, economic and social condition. Therefore, People voluntary participation not guaranteed due to lack of democratic structure. Work does not have a significant validity; in spite of low economic weight of country among the world, a large share of world politics is being pursued in this country. The impact of natural, economic and social stabilities on production development does not matter and economics is not considering as an organic phenomenon. Therefore, negative mental structures play an important role in failing to fulfill development programs in Iran.
Sociology
N. Sedghi
Abstract
The central issue of Ashraf in reviewing Iran's history is to explain the historical obstacles of the formation of the capitalist system of the bourgeoisie and civil society. Ashraf to Description of the above problem has used the concepts of "Asian system" and "feudal system" in Marx's thoughts, and ...
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The central issue of Ashraf in reviewing Iran's history is to explain the historical obstacles of the formation of the capitalist system of the bourgeoisie and civil society. Ashraf to Description of the above problem has used the concepts of "Asian system" and "feudal system" in Marx's thoughts, and the concepts of “Patrimonialism” and “the Oriental City” in the sociology of Max Weber. As he has used the native concept of the "Muluk-al-Tawaiifi” to analyze some of the characteristics of the social and political life of the nomadic societies and their effects on social and political life of Iran. Ashraf, one of the representatives of the discourse of democratic and capitalist development pattern based on the role of the middle class or bourgeoisie. Ashraf's views on the historical barriers of Iranian society development are remarkable at three levels of political, social and economic interconnectedness. The dominance of Asian systems and the patrimonial and the Muluk al-Tawaiifi in the political arena, Nomadic, rural, and urban community associations in the social arena And the unity of the methods of agricultural production and handicrafts were the factors that Ashraf has raised as historical obstacles to the realization of feudalism and the growth of "national capitalism" in Iranian history.
Architecture
S.M. Fazelian; S.R. Eqbali
Abstract
Islamic architecture is considered as an important and significant historical tradition. For Iranians, this tradition is more than historical and is mentioned as a part of the identity of architecture in Islamic Iran. Many theories have tried to explain Islamic architecture but could only determine a ...
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Islamic architecture is considered as an important and significant historical tradition. For Iranians, this tradition is more than historical and is mentioned as a part of the identity of architecture in Islamic Iran. Many theories have tried to explain Islamic architecture but could only determine a part of its coordination possibly due to their adopted methods. These theories have lost their capability of effective application because they have neglected the practical and concrete aspects (which all can be named under the title of “lifestyle”). The goal of this article is to include the concept of lifestyle in the definition of Islamic architecture, after presenting and criticizing theories mentioned in the research literature. This article emphasizes that lifestyle is the missing element of theories on Islamic architecture and that Islamic architecture can be applicable in the social life of the Iranians by including lifestyle in its definition.
Geography
E Lashgari Tafreshi; A. Valigholizadeh
Abstract
One of the most important topics have been studied in Cultural geography field, is investigating the relationship between environment conditions and its effects on culture and how their mutual influence on each other. In this regard, some cultural elements are raised by natural geography condition and ...
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One of the most important topics have been studied in Cultural geography field, is investigating the relationship between environment conditions and its effects on culture and how their mutual influence on each other. In this regard, some cultural elements are raised by natural geography condition and is related by natural dimensions and characteristics of geographic space. These ecological characteristics lead formation of the unique cultural landscape of space. In other word, the reasons for the emergence of this symbol culture were related to natural features. For example, many part of the religion function include provide solutions for problems that there are in the place. This trend is terminated to the formation of religious thoughts that particularly is led by natural space. Obviously, Religion in Iran is certainly not the exception in this category, and there is some part of fundamental causes of characteristics Religions in Iran were affected by natural foundations of Iran’s plateau. In this regard, in this paper this question has been proposed, how had been affected natural geographical indexes on religious thoughts before Islam rise and after it? In this research for responding to this question, have been struggled with explanting and analytical approaches, was checked natural fundamental causes of religious thoughts in Iran. Finding research reveals that, natural conditions of Iran plateau or even in the Middle East such as climatologic characteristics or geomorphologic conditions, hydro issues, have been very effective roles on religious thoughts before entering of Islam to Iran and after it.
Language Teaching
M. Dahmardeh; A. Nemati Limaee
Abstract
Persia (Iran) is considered one of the oldest civilisations; because of its especial geographical and geopolitical position, economic conditions and numerous other factors, it has always attracted the attention of rulers and natives of other countries. This has resulted into extensive relations between ...
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Persia (Iran) is considered one of the oldest civilisations; because of its especial geographical and geopolitical position, economic conditions and numerous other factors, it has always attracted the attention of rulers and natives of other countries. This has resulted into extensive relations between Persians (Iranians) and other nations throughout history. As a result, along the Persian (Farsi) language which has been used to communicate by different people settled in this territory, as befitting each era, a variety of foreign languages also rose in popularity. Moreover, the issue of teaching and learning foreign languages across this land, especially in recent centuries, has been among the concerns of its inhabitants. Employing historical and linguistic research, this article, which is prepared by scholars of linguistics and history for the very first time in the relevant world literature, aims to discuss the position of foreign languages in Persia (Iran) and the changes in their status in different eras, from the past to the present. The examination of historical and linguistic documents as well as of existing knowledge depicts an impressive picture of the number of languages that were spoken throughout Persian (Iranian) history as well as their diversity.
Interdisciplinary
A. A. Ghasemi; R. Emami Meibodi
Abstract
Interdisciplinary studies can play a pivotal role in the growth and development of sciences, especially the humanities. In the present article, through semi-structured interviews with some experts and thinkers in Iran and the content analysis of their ideas, attempt is made to answer these questions: ...
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Interdisciplinary studies can play a pivotal role in the growth and development of sciences, especially the humanities. In the present article, through semi-structured interviews with some experts and thinkers in Iran and the content analysis of their ideas, attempt is made to answer these questions: in the view of experts, what are the main obstacles to the development of humanities in Iran? And what role can interdisciplinary studies play in the development of humanities? The results of the study show that according to experts, “interdisciplinary development”, having the twelfth place among the sixteen important factors in the development of humanities, does not have a considerable effect on the development of humanities in Iran per se, and its efficacy depends on the existence of more important conditions, such as the provision of an open intellectual climate at universities and the independence of scientific community. The development of interdisciplinary studies can play a part in the development of humanities in Iran, only if it results in scientific synergy among experts in different disciplines of humanities, improves the scientific ability of professors, students and researchers, and makes humanities more applicable in society.
R. Gransayeh; E. Khalili
Abstract
In this article, we declare the preliminary approaches of translation in Iran's history, includes some results of a research about translation trends in Iran’s cultural history, in order to understand any probable relation between the assumed approaches and the socio-cultural changes, in which ...
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In this article, we declare the preliminary approaches of translation in Iran's history, includes some results of a research about translation trends in Iran’s cultural history, in order to understand any probable relation between the assumed approaches and the socio-cultural changes, in which there is two major historical periods, the ancient Iran and the Islamic cultural period. Then the probable relation between translation approaches and socio-cultural changes has been considered and conceptually used as an index for understanding the social functions of translation in those periods, and also finding out any socio-historical role of translation in the cultural history of Iran. The concept of “translation” in this article has been used in two different, but related conceptual meaning: the first one considers translation as the process of rendering words or texts from one language into another, the second approaches includes any reading and re-reading of a culture by another culture, as an intercultural process. Methodologically, older periods have been studied by pursuing the relations between transitional engravings, scripts and monuments. The newer periods have been studied through historical reports. The final conclusion proposes two different functions of translation; it seems that translation in the ancient period is an inner cultural trait; and in the Islamic era seems to function more as a “necessity for intercultural communications”, and also as a way to provide basic needs for constructing a trans-cultural society.
Hamidreza Araste; Saeide Memari
Abstract
Islamic Republic of Iran is demanding to create a knowledge based society and a developed country by implementation of Development Plans and reaching the goals of the National Twenty Year Outlook Plan. This vital affair needs knowledge management in the universities and higher education centers. ...
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Islamic Republic of Iran is demanding to create a knowledge based society and a developed country by implementation of Development Plans and reaching the goals of the National Twenty Year Outlook Plan. This vital affair needs knowledge management in the universities and higher education centers. Knowledge management is an approach that is stemmed from business sectors and is slowly accepted in the university environments for quality scientific activities’ improvements. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge management principal factors in the university setting. A graduate public university with 383 faculty members was selected. A total of 100 individuals participated in this study. A researcher-made questionnaire, including 49 closed and 3 opened questions was used as an information gathering instrument. Factor analysis is used to uncover the dimensions of knowledge management. Based on research findings, knowledge management principal factors at the sample university were creation(research), dissemination (teaching), applications (social services) and storage of knowledge.
Hosein Meisami; Mohsen Abdolahy; Mostafa Shahidi Nasab; Mahdi Ghaemiasl
Abstract
This research analyzes patterns and different interdisciplinary educational programs and takes their propriety with Islamic economics and finance into consideration. Actually, this answers the question that if Islamic economics and finance is going to be held as an interdisciplinary field in the Islamic ...
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This research analyzes patterns and different interdisciplinary educational programs and takes their propriety with Islamic economics and finance into consideration. Actually, this answers the question that if Islamic economics and finance is going to be held as an interdisciplinary field in the Islamic humanities, which of the main interdisciplinary approaches should be adopted and how much is the potentiality of every interdisciplinary approach herein? Presenting principles “maximum integration” and “maximum usage”, the research shows that proper approach toward Islamic economics and finance is content-based integration and among different approaches, intra-disciplinary and parallel inter-disciplinary approaches can’t secure the principles. Although multi-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary, pluri-disciplinary, trans-disciplinary and post-disciplinary approaches are more appropriate than two previous ones, but in current condition, because of their shortcomings, usage of them is not suggested. Finally, it seems that potentiality and efficiency of Interdisciplinary approach is more than the others. Hence, planner of Islamic economics and finance can utilize this in designing the relevant curriculum. However, in practice, Interdisciplinary approach can be taken as basic and principal approach and simultaneously, advantages of other approaches can be used to strength educational program.
